Iyo yakafanana yepamusoro-simba MOSFET, kushandiswa kweakasiyana dhiraivha maseketi kunowana akasiyana ekuchinja maitiro. Kushandiswa kwekuita kwakanaka kwedhiraivha yedhiraivha kunogona kuita kuti simba rekushandura mudziyo rishande mune yakaringana kushandura mamiriro, uku kupfupisa nguva yekuchinja, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekuchinja, kuiswa kwekushanda kwekushanda, kuvimbika uye kuchengeteka zvakakosha zvikuru. Nokudaro, zvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri zvekufambisa dhiraivha zvinokanganisa zvakananga kushanda kwedunhu guru, rationalization yekugadzirwa kwedhiraivha yedhiraivha iri kuwedzera kukosha. Thyristor diki diki, huremu huremu, hurefu hwehupenyu, hurefu hwehupenyu, huri nyore kushandisa, hunogona kumisa nyore rectifier uye inverter, uye haigoni kuchinja chimiro chedunhu pasi pechigadziro chekushandura ukuru hwekugadzirisa kana inverter ikozvino.IGBT inosanganiswa. mudziyo weMOSFETuye GTR, ine hunhu hwekukurumidza kushandura kumhanya, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, simba diki rekutyaira uye nyore dhiraivha redunhu, uye ine zvakanakira diki pa-state voltage kudonha, yakakwirira inomira voltage uye yakakwirira kugamuchirwa ikozvino. IGBT sechishandiso chemagetsi chakajairika, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine simba repamusoro, yagara ichishandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana.
Iyo yakanakira kutyaira yedunhu repamusoro-simba MOSFET switching zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kuita zvinotevera zvinodiwa:
(1) Apo simba rekushandura chubhu rinoshandurwa, dhiraivha yekufambisa inogona kupa kukurumidza-kukwira kwenheyo ikozvino, kuitira kuti pane simba rekutyaira rakakwana kana rakashandurwa, nokudaro kuderedza kutendeuka-kurasikirwa.
(2) Munguva yekuchinja chubhu conduction, hwaro hwazvino hwakapihwa neMOSFET mutyairi wedunhu anogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti chubhu yemagetsi iri mune yakazara conduction mamiriro pasi pechero mamiriro ekuremerwa, kuve nechokwadi kuti yakaderera conduction kurasikirwa. Kuti uderedze nguva yekuchengetedza, chigadziro chinofanira kunge chiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru asati avhara.
(3) kudzima, dhiraivha yedhiraivha inofanirwa kupa yakakwana reverse base drive kuti ikurumidze kuburitsa vatakuri vasara munzvimbo yepasi kudzikisa nguva yekuchengetedza; uye wedzera reverse bias cutoff voltage, kuitira kuti muunganidzi awire nekukurumidza kuderedza nguva yekumhara. Ehe, kudzima kwe thyristor kuchiri kunyanya nereverse anode voltage kudonha kupedzisa kudzima.
Parizvino, thyristor dhiraivha ine nhamba inofananidzwa chete kuburikidza neshanduro kana optocoupler yekuzviparadzanisa kuti iparadzanise yakaderera voltage kuguma uye yakakwirira voltage kuguma, uye ipapo kuburikidza kutendeuka redunhu kutyaira thyristor conduction. PaIGBT yekushandiswa kwazvino kweakawanda IGBT drive module, asiwo yakasanganiswa IGBT, system self-maintenance, self-diagnosis uye mamwe anoshanda modules eIPM.
Mune pepa iri, kune thyristor yatinoshandisa, dhizaini yekuyedza dhiraivha, uye kumisa bvunzo chaiyo kuratidza kuti inogona kutyaira iyo thyristor. Kana iri dhiraivha yeIGBT, bepa iri rinonyanya kusuma mhando dzemazuva ano dzeIGBT drive, pamwe nedhiraivha yavo inoenderana nedhiraivha, uye inonyanya kushandiswa optocoupler isolation drive kumisa kuyedza kutevedzera.
2. Thyristor dhiraivha redunhu kudzidza kazhinji iyo thyristor inoshanda mamiriro ndeiyi:
(1) thyristor inogamuchira reverse anode voltage, zvisinei kuti gedhi rinogamuchira rudzii rwemagetsi, iyo thyristor iri kunze kwenyika.
(2) Thyristor inogamuchira kumberi anode voltage, chete kana iri gedhi inogamuchira yakanaka voltage iyo thyristor iripo.
(3) Thyristor mumamiriro ekuitisa, chete imwe yakanaka anode voltage, pasinei negedhi remagetsi, thyristor yakaomerera pakufambisa, kureva, mushure mekuita kwe thyristor, gedhi rakarasika. (4) thyristor mumamiriro ekuitisa, apo iyo huru yedunhu voltage (kana ikozvino) yakaderedzwa kusvika pedyo ne zero, iyo thyristor shutdown. Isu tinosarudza thyristor ndeye TYN1025, inomira voltage ndeye 600V kusvika 1000V, ikozvino inosvika 25A. inoda gedhi drive voltage iri 10V kusvika 20V, drive ikozvino 4mA kusvika 40mA. uye kugadzirisa kwayo ikozvino 50mA, injini iripo ndeye 90mA. ingave DSP kana CPLD inokonzeresa siginecha amplitude kureba se5V. Chokutanga pane zvose, chero bedzi iyo amplitude ye 5V mu 24V, uyezve kuburikidza ne2: 1 isolation transformer kushandura 24V trigger signal mu 12V trigger signal, paunenge uchizadzisa basa rekumusoro uye kuderera kwemagetsi.
Kuedza dunhu rekugadzira uye kuongorora
Chekutanga, iyo inosimudzira redunhu, nekuda kwekuzviparadzanisa neshanduko yedunhu kumashure kweiyoMOSFETmudziyo unoda 15V trigger chiratidzo, saka kukosha kwekutanga amplitude 5V trigger siginecha mune 15V trigger siginecha, kuburikidza neMC14504 5V chiratidzo, inoshandurwa kuita 15V chiratidzo, uyezve kuburikidza neCD4050 pane inobuda ye15V drive chiratidzo chekugadzira, chiteshi 2. yakabatana neiyo 5V yekupinza siginecha, chiteshi 1 chakabatana kune inobuda Channel 2 yakabatana neiyo 5V chiratidzo chekuisa, chiteshi 1 chakabatana nekubuda kweiyo 15V inokonzeresa chiratidzo.
Chikamu chechipiri ndicho chega chega chekushandura, basa guru redunhu nderokuti: 15V trigger signal, inoshandurwa kuita 12V trigger signal kuti iite kumashure kwe thyristor conduction, uye kuita 15V trigger signal uye chinhambwe pakati pemusana. stage.
Nheyo yekushanda yedunhu ndeye: nekuda kweMOSFETIRF640 drive voltage ye15V, saka, chekutanga, muJ1 kuwana 15V square wave chiratidzo, kuburikidza neresitor R4 yakabatana kune regulator 1N4746, kuitira kuti iyo trigger voltage igadzikane, asiwo kuita iyo trigger voltage haina kunyanya kukwira. , yakapisa MOSFET, uyezve kuMOSFET IRF640 (chaizvoizvo, iyi ishubhu inoshandura, kutonga kwemashure ekupedzisira kwekuvhura nekuvhara. Dzora kumucheto kumashure kwekutendeuka uye kudzima), mushure mekutonga basa kutenderera kwechiratidzo chekutyaira, kukwanisa kudzora kutendeuka uye kudzima nguva yeMOSFET. Kana iyo MOSFET yakazaruka, yakaenzana neiyo D-pole pasi, kubva payakavhurika, mushure meshure-kumagumo dunhu rakaenzana ne 24 V. Uye transformer iri kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemagetsi kuita kuguma kweiyo 12 V inobuda chiratidzo. . Magumo ekurudyi etransformer akabatana nebhiriji rekugadziridza, uye ipapo chiratidzo che12V chinobuda kubva kune chinongedzo X1.
Matambudziko akasangana panguva yekuedza
Chokutanga pane zvose, apo simba rakashandurwa, fuse yakangoerekana yaputika, uye gare gare pakutarisa dunhu, zvakaonekwa kuti pane dambudziko nekutanga dhizaini. Pakutanga, kuitira kuti ive nani mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwayo chubhu kubuda, iyo 24V pasi uye 15V pasi kupatsanurwa, izvo zvinoita kuti gedhi reMOSFET G pole rakaenzana nekuseri kweS pole rinomiswa, zvichikonzera kukonzeresa kwenhema. Kurapa ndeyekubatanidza iyo 24V uye 15V pasi pamwechete, uye zvakare kumisa kuyedza, dunhu rinoshanda zvakajairika. Circuit yekubatanidza yakajairika, asi kana ukatora chikamu muchiratidzo chekutyaira, MOSFET kupisa, pamwe nedhiraivha chiratidzo kwenguva yakati rebei, iyo fuse inopeperetswa, yobva yawedzera chiratidzo chekutyaira, fuse inopeperetswa zvakananga. Tarisa dunhu wakaona kuti yakakwira nhanho yebasa rekutenderera kwedhiraivha yakawandisa, zvichikonzera kuti MOSFET yekuvhura-nguva yakarebesa. Dhizaini yedunhu iri inoita kana MOSFET yakavhurika, 24V yakawedzera yakananga kumigumo yeMOSFET, uye haina kuwedzera yazvino-yekumisikidza resistor, kana iyo-nguva yakarebesa kuita yazvino yakawandisa, MOSFET kukuvara, kukosha kwekugadzirisa kutenderera kwebasa rechiratidzo hakugone kuve kwakakura zvakanyanya, kazhinji mu10% kusvika 20% kana zvakadaro.
2.3 Kusimbiswa kwedhiraivha yedunhu
Kuti tiratidze kugona kwedhiraivha yedhiraivha, isu tinoishandisa kutyaira iyo thyristor wedunhu yakabatana munhevedzano nemumwe, iyo thyristor munhevedzano nemumwe uyezve anti-parallel, kupinda kudunhu neinductive reactance, magetsi emagetsi. ndiyo 380V AC voltage source.
MOSFET mudunhu iri, iyo thyristor Q2, Q8 inokonzeresa siginecha kuburikidza neiyo G11 uye G12 kuwana, nepo Q5, Q11 inokonzeresa chiratidzo kuburikidza neG21, G22 kuwana. Pamberi pechiratidzo chekufambisa chinogamuchirwa kusvika pazinga regedhi re thyristor, kuitira kuti uvandudze simba rinopesana nekupindira kwe thyristor, gedhi re thyristor rinobatanidzwa kune resistor uye capacitor. Iyi dunhu yakabatana kune inductor uye yozoiswa mukati medunhu guru. Mushure mekudzora iyo conduction angle ye thyristor kudzora iyo inductor yakakura mukati meiyo huru yedunhu nguva, ekumusoro uye ezasi maseketi echikamu chekona cheiyo trigger chiratidzo musiyano wehafu yekutenderera, iyo yekumusoro G11 uye G12 chiratidzo chinokonzeresa nzira yese. kuburikidza nedhiraivha yedhiraivha yepamberi nhanho yekusarudzika transformer yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe, iyo yakaderera G21 uye G22 zvakare yakatsaurwa kubva kune imwechete nzira chiratidzo. Iwo maviri anokonzeresa masaini anokonzeresa anti-parallel thyristor redunhu yakanaka uye yakaipa conduction, pamusoro peiyo 1 chiteshi chakabatana kune yese thyristor circuit voltage, mune thyristor conduction inova 0, uye 2, 3 chiteshi chakabatana kudunhu re thyristor kumusoro nekudzika. iyo nzira inokonzeresa zviratidzo, iyo 4 chiteshi inoyerwa nekuyerera kwese thyristor ikozvino.
2 chiteshi chakayera chiratidzo chinokonzeresa chakanaka, chinokonzeresa pamusoro peiyo thyristor conduction, ikozvino yakanaka; 3 chiteshi akayera reverse trigger chiratidzo, zvichikonzera rezasi redunhu reiyo thyristor conduction, yazvino haina kunaka.
3.IGBT dhiraivha dunhu resemina IGBT dhiraivha yedunhu ine zvakawanda zvakakosha zvikumbiro, muchidimbu:
(1) dhiraivha mwero wekusimuka nekudonha kwevoltage pulse inofanira kunge yakakura zvakakwana. igbt vhura, iyo inotungamira kumucheto kweanokwira gedhi voltage inowedzerwa kugedhi G uye emitter E pakati pegedhi, kuitira kuti ikurumidze kuvhurwa kuti isvike kupfupi kutendeuka panguva yekudzikisa kutendeuka kwekurasikirwa. Mukuvharwa kweIGBT, gedhi dhiraivha redunhu rinofanira kupa IGBT yekumhara kumucheto yakadzika kwazvo yekuvhara voltage, uye kune IGBT gedhi G uye emitter E pakati peiyo yakakodzera reverse bias voltage, kuitira kuti IGBT inokurumidza kudzima, kupfupisa nguva yekuvhara, kuderedza. kurasikirwa kwekuvhara.
(2) Mushure meIGBT conduction, dhiraivha yedhiraivha uye yazvino inopihwa negedhi dhiraivha redunhu inofanirwa kukwana amplitude yeIGBT drive voltage uye yazvino, kuitira kuti simba rekubuda kweIGBT rigare riri munzvimbo yakazara. Transient overload, simba rekutyaira rinopihwa negedhi dhiraivha redunhu rinofanira kukwana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti IGBT haibvi munzvimbo yekusatutsira uye kukuvara.
(3) IGBT gedhi dhiraivha redunhu rinofanira kupa IGBT yakanaka drive voltage kuti itore kukosha kwakakodzera, kunyanya mupfupi-circuit inoshanda maitiro emidziyo inoshandiswa muIGBT, iyo yakanaka drive voltage inofanirwa kusarudzwa kune iyo shoma kukosha inodiwa. Kushandura kushandiswa kwegedhi voltage yeIGBT inofanira kuva 10V ~ 15V kuitira zvakanakisisa.
(4) IGBT yekuvhara maitiro, iyo yakaipa bias voltage inoshandiswa pakati pegedhi - emitter inobatsira kukurumidza kuvhara kweIGBT, asi haifaniri kutorwa yakakura, yakajairwa kutora -2V kusvika -10V.
(5) kana iri mitoro mikuru inductive, kukurumidza kushandura kunokuvadza, mitoro mikuru inductive muIGBT inokurumidza kutendeuka uye kudzima, inoburitsa yakakwirira-frequency uye yakakwirira amplitude uye nhete upamhi hweiyo spike voltage Ldi / dt. , iyo spike haisi nyore kubata, nyore kugadzira kukuvara kwechigadzirwa.
(6) Sezvo iyo IGBT inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakakwirira-voltage, saka dhiraivha yedhiraivha inofanirwa kunge iine dunhu rese rekutonga mukugona kwekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, kushandiswa kwakajairwa kwepamusoro-speed optical coupling yekuzviparadzanisa kana transformer coupling yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe.
Dhiraivha mamiriro edunhu
Nekuvandudza tekinoroji yakabatanidzwa, yazvino IGBT gedhi dhiraivha redunhu rinonyanya kudzorwa nemachipisi akabatanidzwa. Iyo control mode ichiri kunyanya matatu marudzi:
(1) yakananga inokonzeresa mhando hapana magetsi ega ega pakati pekuisa uye kubuda masaini.
(2) transformer isolation drive pakati pekuisa uye kubuda masaini uchishandisa pulse transformer isolation, isolation voltage level kusvika 4000V.
Pane 3 nzira sezvinotevera
Maitiro ePassive: kuburitsa kwesecond transformer kunoshandiswa kutyaira zvakananga IGBT, nekuda kwekugumira kweiyo volt-yechipiri yakaenzana, inongoshanda kune nzvimbo uko kutenderera kwebasa hakuchinji zvakanyanya.
Inoshanda nzira: iyo transformer inopa chete masaini ega, mune yechipiri epurasitiki amplifier wedunhu kutyaira IGBT, drive waveform iri nani, asi kudiwa kwekupa yakaparadzana ebetsero simba.
Kuzvipa nzira: pulse transformer inoshandiswa kufambisa ese simba rekutyaira uye yakakwirira-frequency modulation uye demodulation tekinoroji yekufambisa kwemasaini masaini, yakakamurwa kuita modulation-mhando yekuzvipa nzira uye nguva-yekugovera tekinoroji yekuzvipa, umo modulation. -mhando yekuzvipa simba kune rectifier bhiriji kuti ibudise inodiwa magetsi, yakakwirira-frequency modulation uye demodulation tekinoroji kuendesa logic zviratidzo.
3. Bata uye musiyano pakati thyristor uye IGBT drive
Thyristor uye IGBT dhiraivha yedunhu ine mutsauko pakati penzvimbo yakafanana. Chekutanga pane zvese, iwo maviri dhiraivha maseketi anodiwa kuti aparadzanise switching mudziyo uye dunhu rekutonga kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, kuitira kuti udzivise ma-high-voltage maseketi ane mhedzisiro padunhu rekutonga. Zvadaro, ese ari maviri anoiswa kune gedhi dhiraivha chiratidzo kukonzeresa switching mudziyo. Musiyano ndewekuti thyristor drive inoda chiratidzo chazvino, nepo IGBT ichida chiratidzo chemagetsi. Mushure mekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa, gedhi re thyristor rakarasikirwa nekutonga kwekushandiswa kwe thyristor, kana iwe uchida kuvhara thyristor, zvigaro zve thyristor zvinofanira kuwedzerwa kune reverse voltage; uye IGBT kuvharwa kunongoda kuwedzerwa kugedhi reiyo yakaipa yekutyaira voltage, kuvhara IGBT.
4. Mhedziso
Iri bepa rinonyanya kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zverondedzero, chikamu chekutanga che thyristor drive redunhu chikumbiro chekumisa rondedzero, dhizaini yedhiraivha inoenderana nedhiraivha, uye dhizaini yedunhu rinoiswa kune inoshanda thyristor wedunhu, kuburikidza nekuenzanisa. uye kuyedza kuratidza kugona kwedhiraivha yedhiraivha, maitiro ekuedza akasangana nawo mukuongororwa kwematambudziko akamira uye akabatwa nawo. Chikamu chechipiri chehurukuro huru paIGBT pachikumbiro chedhiraivha yedhiraivha, uye pamusoro pechikonzero ichi kuti uwedzere kusuma ikozvino inowanzoshandiswa IGBT dhiraivha redunhu, uye chikuru optocoupler isolation drive redunhu kumisa simulation uye kuedza, kuratidza kugona kwedhiraivha yedhiraivha.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-15-2024
