Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo MOSFET mhando uye chimiro,MOSFETiFET (rimwe iJFET), inogona kugadzirwa kuva yakakwidziridzwa kana kupera mhando, P-channel kana N-channel akazara marudzi mana, asi iko iko kushandiswa kweN-channel MOSFETs chete uye yakakwidziridzwa P-channel MOSFETs, saka. inowanzonzi NMOS kana PMOS zvinoreva marudzi maviri aya. Kune aya marudzi maviri eakakwidziridzwa MOSFET, anonyanya kushandiswa iNMOS, chikonzero ndechekuti iyo-kupikisa idiki, uye iri nyore kugadzira. Naizvozvo, NMOS inowanzo shandiswa mukuchinja magetsi uye mota drive application.
Mukusuma kunotevera, mazhinji emakesi anotongwa neNMOS. parasitic capacitance iripo pakati pemapini matatu eMOSFET, chinhu chisingadiwe asi chinomuka nekuda kwekupikiswa kwemaitiro ekugadzira. Kuvapo kweparasitic capacitance kunoita kuti zvinyanye kupenga kugadzira kana kusarudza mutyairi wedunhu. Pane diode yeparasitic pakati pedhiraini nekwakabva. Izvi zvinonzi body diode uye zvakakosha pakutyaira inductive mitoro yakadai semotor. Nenzira, diode yemuviri inongowanikwa muMOSFET yega uye kazhinji haipo mukati meIC chip.
MOSFETkushandura tube kurasikirwa, kana iri NMOS kana PMOS, mushure mekuita kwe-on-resistance iripo, kuitira kuti ikozvino inopedza simba mukupikisa uku, chikamu ichi chesimba rinopedzwa chinonzi conduction kurasikirwa. Kusarudzwa kweMOSFETs nekudzikira-kupikisa kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwekupokana. Mazuvano, kupikisa kweMOSFETs ane simba rakaderera kunowanzoita makumi emamiriyoni, uye mamiriyoni mashoma anowanikwawo. MOSFETs haifaniri kupedzwa pakarepo kana ichidzima uye ichidzima.Pane maitiro ekudzikisa voltage pa iyo migumo miviri yeMOSFET, uye kune nzira yekuwedzera ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza nayo.Munguva iyi yenguva, kurasikirwa kweMOSFETs chigadzirwa chemagetsi uye ikozvino, iyo inonzi inoshandura kurasikirwa. Kazhinji kurasikirwa kwekuchinja kwakakura zvakanyanya kudarika kurasikirwa kwekuita, uye nekukurumidza kuchinja kwekuchinja, kunowedzera kurasikirwa. Chigadzirwa chemagetsi uye chazvino panguva yekufambisa chakakura kwazvo, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Kupfupisa nguva yekuchinja kunoderedza kurasikirwa pane imwe neimwe conduction; kudzikisa kushandura frequency kunoderedza huwandu hwekuchinja pane imwe unit nguva. Nzira mbiri idzi dzinoderedza kurasikirwa kwekuchinja.
Kuenzaniswa nebipolar transistors, zvinotendwa kuti hapana ikozvino inodiwa kugadzira aMOSFETconduct, chero bedzi iyo GS voltage iri pamusoro pehumwe kukosha. Izvi zviri nyore kuita, zvisinei, tinodawo kukurumidza. Sezvauri kuona muchimiro cheMOSFET, pane parasitic capacitance pakati peGS, GD, uye kutyaira kweMOSFET ndiko, kutaura zvazviri, kuchaja uye kuburitsa iyo capacitance. Kuchaja iyo capacitor inoda ikozvino, nekuti kubhadharisa iyo capacitor pakarepo inogona kuoneka sepfupi pfupi, saka iyo pakarepo ikozvino ichave yakakwirira. Chinhu chekutanga chekucherechedza kana uchisarudza / kugadzira mutyairi weMOSFET saizi yekanguva pfupi-yedunhu ikozvino inogona kupihwa.
Chechipiri chekucherechedza ndechekuti, chinowanzo shandiswa mu-high-end drive NMOS, iyo-on-nguva gedhi voltage inoda kuve yakakura kupfuura iyo sosi voltage. Yakakwira-yekupedzisira dhiraivha MOSFET pane sosi voltage uye drain voltage (VCC) zvakafanana, saka ipapo gedhi voltage pane VCC 4V kana 10V. kana mune imwecheteyo sisitimu, kuti tiwane yakakura voltage kupfuura iyo VCC, isu tinoda hunyanzvi mukusimudzira wedunhu. Vazhinji vatyairi vemota vakabatanidza pombi dzekuchaja, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iwe unofanirwa kusarudza iyo yakakodzera yekunze capacitance kuti uwane yakakwana yepfupi-yedunhu ikozvino kutyaira iyo MOSFET. 4V kana 10V ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa MOSFET pavoltiji, dhizaini hongu, unofanirwa kuve uine imwe margin. Kukwira kwevoltage, ndiko kukurumidza kwe-on-state kumhanya uye kuderera kwe-on-state kuramba. Ikozvino kune madiki e-on-state voltage MOSFETs anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, asi mu12V mota yemagetsi system, kazhinji 4V pa-nyika inokwana.MOSFETs chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chimiro chekuchinja kwezvakanaka, saka chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu kudiwa kwemagetsi ekuchinja maseketi, akadai sekuchinja magetsi uye mota dhiraivha, asiwo mwenje kudzima. Kuitisa kunoreva kuita sechinja, iyo yakaenzana nekuvhara chinja.NMOS maitiro, Vgs yakakura kupfuura imwe kukosha ichaitisa, yakakodzera kushandiswa munyaya iyo sosi yakadzikwa (low-end drive), chero bedzi gedhi. voltage ye4V kana 10V.PMOS maitiro, Vgs isingasviki imwe kukosha ichaitisa, yakakodzera kushandiswa munyaya iyo sosi yakabatana neVCC (high-end drive). Nekudaro, kunyangwe PMOS ichigona kushandiswa zviri nyore semutyairi wekupedzisira, NMOS inowanzo shandiswa mumadhiraivha ekupedzisira nekuda kwehukuru hwekupokana, mutengo wepamusoro, uye mashoma ekutsiva marudzi.
Ikozvino MOSFET dhiraivha yakaderera-voltage application, kana kushandiswa kwe5V magetsi, panguva ino kana iwe ukashandisa yechinyakare totem pole chimiro, nekuda kweiyo transistor ingangoita 0.7V kudonha kwemagetsi, zvichikonzera iyo yekupedzisira chaiyo yakawedzerwa kugedhi pa. voltage inongova 4.3 V. Panguva ino, tinosarudza zita regedhi voltage ye4.5V yeMOSFET pamusoro pekuvapo kwezvimwe njodzi. Dambudziko rimwe chetero rinoitika mukushandiswa kwe3V kana mamwe mashoma-voltage magetsi ekupa nguva. Dual voltage inoshandiswa mune mamwe maseketi ekudzora uko chikamu chepfungwa chinoshandisa yakajairwa 5V kana 3.3V dhijitari voltage uye chikamu chemagetsi chinoshandisa 12V kana kutokwira. Iwo ma voltages maviri akabatana achishandisa common ground. Izvi zvinoisa chinodikanwa chekushandisa dunhu rinobvumira rutivi rwemhepo yakaderera kuti rinyatso kudzora MOSFET padivi remhepo yakakwirira, nepo MOSFET iri padivi remhepo yakakwira ichasangana nematambudziko akafanana akataurwa mu1 uye 2. Muzviitiko zvese zvitatu, the totem pole chimiro hachikwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvinobuda, uye mazhinji ari kure-pasherufu MOSFET mutyairi ICs haaite kunge anosanganisira gedhi voltage inodzikamisa chimiro. Iyo yekupinza voltage haisi iyo yakatarwa kukosha, inosiyana nenguva kana zvimwe zvinhu. Musiyano uyu unokonzeresa kuti dhiraivha yakapihwa kuMOSFET nePWM dunhu ive isina kugadzikana. Kuti iite kuti MOSFET ive yakachengeteka kubva kune yakakwira gedhi voltages, mazhinji maMOSFET ane akavakirwa-mukati mavoltage regulators kuti adzikise zvine simba kukwirisa kwegedhi voltage.
Muchiitiko ichi, kana iyo dhiraivha yakapihwa ichipfuura voltage yeregulator, inokonzeresa yakakura static simba rekushandisa Panguva imwecheteyo, kana iwe ukangoshandisa iyo musimboti weresistor voltage divider kudzikisa gedhi voltage, pachave neyakati wandei. yakakwira yekupinza voltage, iyo MOSFET inoshanda nemazvo, nepo vhezheni yekupinda ichideredzwa kana gedhi regedhi risingakwane kukonzeresa kukwana kwakakwana, nekudaro kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba.
Zvine mwero zvakajairika dunhu pano chete kuNMOS mutyairi wedunhu kuita ongororo iri nyore: Vl neVh ndiyo yakaderera-yekupedzisira uye yepamusoro-yekupedzisira magetsi, zvichiteerana, iwo maviri voltages anogona kufanana, asi Vl haifanire kudarika Vh. Q1 uye Q2 inoumba inverted totem pole, inoshandiswa kuita yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye panguva imwe chete kuona kuti machubhu maviri emutyairi Q3 neQ4 haazovepo panguva imwe chete. R2 uye R3 inopa iyo PWM voltage referensi, uye nekushandura iyi referensi, unogona kuita kuti dunhu rishande zvakanaka, uye gedhi regedhi harina kukwana kukonzeresa conduction, nokudaro kuwedzera simba rekushandisa. R2 neR3 inopa iyo PWM voltage referensi, nekushandura iyi referensi, unogona kurega basa redunhu muPWM chiratidzo chewaveform rine kukwidza uye yakatwasuka chinzvimbo. Q3 neQ4 dzinoshandiswa kupa dhiraivha iripo, nekuda kweiyo-nguva, Q3 neQ4 inoenderana neVh neGND ingori shoma yekudonha kweVce voltage, iyi kudonha kwemagetsi kunowanzo kungoita 0.3V kana zvakadaro, kuderera zvakanyanya. kupfuura 0.7V Vce R5 uye R6 ndiwo anopikisa mhinduro kune gedhi voltage sampling, mushure mekuenzanisa magetsi, mhepo yegedhi inoshandiswa semhinduro yekudzivirira kune gedhi voltage, uye magetsi emuenzaniso anoshandiswa kugedhi voltage. R5 neR6 idzodzi dzinopikisa dzinoshandiswa kuenzanisa gedhi remagetsi, iro rinobva rapfuura neQ5 kugadzira mhinduro yakasimba isina kunaka panheyo dzeQ1 neQ2, nokudaro ichidzikamisa gedhi remagetsi kune inogumira kukosha. Kukosha uku kunogona kugadziriswa neR5 neR6. Chekupedzisira, R1 inopa kudzikiswa kweiyo base ikozvino kuQ3 neQ4, uye R4 inopa muganhu wegedhi razvino kune maMOSFETs, inova iyo yekumisa Ice yeQ3Q4. Iyo acceleration capacitor inogona kubatanidzwa mukufanana pamusoro peR4 kana zvichidikanwa.
Paunenge uchigadzira zvigadzirwa zvinotakurika uye zvigadzirwa zvisina waya, kuvandudza mashandiro echigadzirwa uye kuwedzera nguva yekushanda kwebhatiri inyaya mbiri dzinofanirwa kutarisana nevagadziri.DC-DC inoshandura ine zvakanakira zvekushanda kwepamusoro, yakakwira kubuda ikozvino uye yakaderera yakadzikama ikozvino, iyo yakakodzera kwazvo kusimba inotakurika. zvishandiso.
DC-DC converters ine mabhenefiti ekushanda kwepamusoro, yakakwira kuburitsa ikozvino uye yakaderera quiescent ikozvino, akakodzera kwazvo kugonesa magetsi anotakurika. Parizvino, maitiro makuru mukuvandudzwa kweDC-DC converter dhizaini tekinoroji anosanganisira: yakakwira-frequency tekinoroji: nekuwedzera kwekuchinja frequency, saizi yekuchinja inoshandura yakaderedzwa zvakare, kuwanda kwesimba kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye simba. mhinduro yakavandudzwa. Diki
Simba DC-DC inoshandura inoshandura frequency inokwira kusvika padanho re megahertz. Yakaderera yekubuda voltage tekinoroji: Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji yekugadzira semiconductor, mamicroprocessors uye inotakurika yemagetsi ekushandisa voltage iri kuramba ichidzika nekudzika, izvo zvinoda remangwana DC-DC inoshandura inogona kupa yakaderera kubuda magetsi kuti ienderane neiyo microprocessor uye inotakurika michina yemagetsi, iyo inoda remangwana DC-DC converter inogona kupa yakaderera goho voltage kuchinjika kune microprocessor.
Zvakakwana kupa yakaderera goho voltage kuchinjika kune microprocessors uye inotakurika yemagetsi michina. Aya magadzirirwo etekinoroji anoisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwemagetsi ekupa chip maseketi. Chokutanga pane zvose, nekuwedzera kwekushandura nguva, kushanda kwezvikamu zvekushandura kunoiswa mberi
Zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakuita kweiyo switching element, uye inofanirwa kunge iine inowirirana switching element drive circuit kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chinhu chekuchinja mu switching frequency kusvika kune megahertz level yenguva dzose kushanda. Chechipiri, kune bhatiri-powered inotakurika zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, redunhu rekushandisa voltage rakaderera (munyaya ye lithium mabhatiri, semuenzaniso).
Lithium mabhatiri, semuenzaniso, iyo inoshanda voltage ye2.5 ~ 3.6V), saka iyo magetsi ekupa chip kune yakaderera voltage.
MOSFET ine yakanyanya kuderera pa-kupokana, kushomeka kwesimba rekushandisa, mune yazvino yakakurumbira yakakwirira-inoshanda DC-DC chip yakawanda MOSFET semagetsi switch. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehukuru hweparasitic capacitance yeMOSFETs. Izvi zvinoisa zvakakwirira zvinodiwa padhizaini yekuchinjisa chubhu mutyairi maseketi ekugadzira yakakwira inoshanda frequency DC-DC inoshandura. Kune akasiyana CMOS, BiCMOS logic maseketi anoshandisa bootstrap boost chimiro uye mutyairi maseketi seyakakura capacitive mitoro mune yakaderera voltage ULSI dhizaini. Aya maseketi anokwanisa kushanda nemazvo pasi pemamiriro asingasviki 1V magetsi ekupa, uye anogona kushanda pasi pemamiriro ekutakura capacitance 1 ~ 2pF frequency inogona kusvika makumi emamegabits kana kunyange mazana e megahertz. Mune pepa iri, iyo bootstrap inosimudzira dunhu inoshandiswa kugadzira yakakura capacitance drive kugona, inokodzera yakaderera-voltage, yakakwirira switching frequency boost DC-DC inoshandura dhiraivha dhiraivha. Low-end voltage uye PWM kutyaira yepamusoro-yekupedzisira MOSFETs. diki amplitude PWM chiratidzo chekutyaira yakakwira gedhi voltage zvinodiwa zveMOSFETs.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-12-2024
