Basic Kunzwisisa kweMOSFET

MOSFET, ipfupi yeMetal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, ndeye matatu-terminal semiconductor mudziyo unoshandisa electric field effect kudzora kuyerera kwezvino. Pazasi pane mhedziso yekutanga yeMOSFET:

 

1. Tsanangudzo uye Kuronga

 

- Tsanangudzo: MOSFET chishandiso chesemiconductor chinodzora chiteshi chinofambisa pakati pemvura uye sosi nekushandura gedhi voltage. Gedhi rinodzivirirwa kubva kutsime uye rinodonhedzwa nejira rekuisa insulating zvinhu (kazhinji silicon dioxide), ndosaka ichizivikanwa senge insulated gedhi munda-effect transistor.

-Kukamurwa: MOSFETs akaiswa mumapoka zvichienderana nerudzi rwe conductive chiteshi uye mhedzisiro yegedhi voltage:

-N-channel uye P-channel MOSFETs: Zvichienderana nerudzi rweiyo conductive chiteshi.

-Enhancement-modhi uye Depletion-modhi MOSFETs: Kubva pane gedhi voltage pesvedzero pane conductive chiteshi. Naizvozvo, maMOSFET akaiswa mumhando ina: N-channel yekusimudzira-modhi, N-chiteshi depletion-modhi, P-channel yekusimudzira-modhi, uye P-channel depletion-mode.

 

2. Chimiro uye Nheyo Yekushanda

 

- Chimiro: A MOSFET ine zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha: gedhi (G), dhiraivha (D), uye sosi (S). Pane yakareruka doped semiconductor substrate, yakanyanya doped sosi uye dhizaini matunhu anogadzirwa kuburikidza semiconductor kugadzirisa matekiniki. Aya matunhu akapatsanurwa ne insulating layer, iyo inokwidziridzwa negedhi electrode.

 

-Kushanda Nheyo: Kutora iyo N-channel yekusimudzira-modhi MOSFET semuenzaniso, kana gedhi voltage iri zero, hapana chiteshi chinofambisa pakati pedhiraini uye sosi, saka hapana ikozvino inogona kuyerera. Kana magetsi egedhi awedzera kusvika pane chimwe chikumbaridzo (chinonzi "turn-on voltage" kana "threshold voltage"), insulating layer iri pasi pegedhi inokwezva maerekitironi kubva pasubstrate kuti iite inversion layer (N-type nhete layer) , kugadzira chiteshi chekufambisa. Izvi zvinobvumira ikozvino kuyerera pakati pemvura uye sosi. Iyo yakafara yeiyi conductive chiteshi, uye saka iyo yekudonha ikozvino, inotarirwa nehukuru hwegedhi voltage.

 

3. Hunhu Hunokosha

 

- Yakakwira Input Impedance: Sezvo gedhi rakavharirwa kubva kutsime uye kudonhedzwa neiyo insulating layer, iyo impedance yekupinza yeMOSFET yakakwira zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakakwira-impedance maseketi.

- Yakaderera Noise: MOSFETs inogadzira yakaderera ruzha panguva yekushanda, ichiita kuti ive yakanakira maseketi ane stringent ruzha zvinodiwa.

- Yakanaka Thermal Kugadzikana: MOSFETs ine yakanakisa kugadzikana kwemafuta uye inogona kushanda zvinobudirira mumhando dzakasiyana dzetembiricha.

-Kushandisa Simba Kwakaderera: MOSFETs inoshandisa simba shoma mumatunhu ese ari mukati nekunze, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakaderera-simba maseketi.

- Yakakwira Kuchinja Kumhanya: Kuve magetsi-anodzorwa zvishandiso, MOSFETs inopa kukurumidza kushandura kumhanya, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakakwira-frequency maseketi.

 

4. Nzvimbo dzekushandisa

 

MaMOSFET anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaseketi emagetsi akasiyana, kunyanya mumaseketi akabatanidzwa, magetsi emagetsi, zvishandiso zvekutaurirana, uye makomputa. Ivo vanoshanda sezvinhu zvakakosha mumaseketi ekusimudzira, switching circuits, voltage regulation circuits, nezvimwe, zvichigonesa mabasa akadai sekusimudzira chiratidzo, switching control, uye voltage kudzikamisa.

 

Muchidimbu, MOSFET yakakosha semiconductor mudziyo ine yakasarudzika chimiro uye yakanakisa mashandiro ekuita. Inoita basa rakakosha mumaseketi emagetsi munzvimbo dzakawanda.